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通讯作者:

刘利维,E-mail: liuliwei3408@163.com

中图分类号:R697+.3

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6948.2024.05.002

参考文献 1
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参考文献 3
蔡鸿财,宋乐彬,张国巍,等.夏荔芪胶囊对良性前列腺增生模型大鼠PCNA、caspase-3表达水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2017,23(8):728-733.
参考文献 4
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参考文献 8
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参考文献 9
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参考文献 10
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参考文献 11
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参考文献 13
Herschorn S,Jones JS,Oelke M,et al.Efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine in men with overactive bladder:a pooled analysis of 2 phase III studies[J].Urology,2010,75(5):1149-1155.
参考文献 14
Miernik A,Gratzke C.Current treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Dtsch Arztebl Int,2020,117(49):843-854.
参考文献 15
Abrams P,Cardozo L,Fall M,et al.The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function:report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society[J].Neurourol Urodyn,2002,21(2):167-178.
参考文献 16
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参考文献 17
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参考文献 18
McConnell JD,Bruskewitz R,Walsh P,et al.The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group[J].N Engl J Med,1998,338(9):557-563.
参考文献 19
Nickel JC,Fradet Y,Boake RC,et al.Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia:results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial(the PROSPECT study).PROscar Safety Plus Efficacy Canadian Two year Study[J].CMAJ,1996,155(9):1251-1259.
参考文献 20
Kwon YK,Choe MS,Seo KW,et al.The effect of intraprostatic chronic inflammation on benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment[J].Korean J Urol,2010,51(4):266-270.
目录contents

    摘要

    目的:研究中药夏荔芪胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗前列腺增生症患者的临床疗效观察。方法:选取2021年5月8日—2022年11月30日于我院门诊收治的前列腺增生患者76例,随机分为试验组和对照组:试验组口服夏荔芪胶囊(1.35 g,3次/d)联合坦索罗辛缓释胶囊(0.2 mg,每晚睡前服用);对照组仅口服坦索罗辛缓释胶囊(0.2 mg,每晚睡前);两组患者均治疗8周后,比较两组治疗前后国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)、中医证候评分、最大尿流率(Qmax)、前列腺体积、残余尿量、NIH-CPSI评分及生活质量评分(QOL),比较两组用药方案的有效性及安全性。结果:治疗后,两组的I-PSS评分和中医证候评分与治疗前比较均明显降低(P<0.05),试验组治疗后I-PSS和中医症候评分均小于对照组(P<0.05),其中试验组中医证候评分降低幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.001);治疗后试验组与对照组在前列腺体积、残余尿量及QOL均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。试验组治疗后Qmax大于对照组(P=0.007),且试验组增大幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.001),试验组治疗后NIH-CPSI小于对照组(P=0.044),且试验组治疗前后NIH-CPSI差值大于对照组(P=0.008)。试验组总体有效率达94.7%,大于对照组的42.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:夏荔芪胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生症的有效性显著高于对照组,且在治疗过程中两组患者均未发生不良事件,安全性与依从性好。

    Abstract

    Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine Xialiqi capsule combined with Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsule in the treatment of patients with prostatic hyperplasia. Methods The study included a total of 76 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia who were admitted to the outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from May 8, 2021, to November 30, 2022. They were randomly assigned into two groups:the experimental group received Xialiqi capsule (1.35 g, three times daily) in combination with tamsulosin sustained-release capsule (0.2 mg, taken before bedtime); the control group received only tamsulosin sustained-release capsule (0.2 mg, taken before bedtime). After an eight-week treatment period following their respective medication regimens, statistical analysis was conducted to compare and analyze the differences in international prostate symptom score (I-PSS), syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), prostate volume, residual urine volume, NIH-CPSI score and quality of life score (QOL) between the two groups before and after treatment. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of both medication regimens were evaluated. Results The main outcome measures: After treatment, both the I-PSS score and the syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine in both groups showed significant decreases compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). The Qmax in the experimental group after treatment was greater than that in the control group (P=0.007), and the increase in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<0.001).The NIH-CPSI after treatment in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.044), and the difference in NIH-CPSI before and after treatment in the experimental group was larger than that in the control group (P=0.008). The overall efficacy rate of the experimental group was 94.7%, while that of the control group was 42.1%, with a significant statistical difference (P<0.001). Conclusion The efficacy of Xialiqi capsule combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsule in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia was significantly higher than that of the control group. No adverse events occurred in the two groups during the treatment, and the safety and compliance were good.

  • 良性前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是影响老年男性健康与生活质量的常见疾病,BPH发病率与年龄呈正相关。据统计,60岁男性中BPH发病率大于50%,在80岁男性中高达80%[1]。同时,BPH也是导致下尿路症状(lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS)的首要因素。目前对于BPH的治疗主要分为药物治疗和手术治疗,对于不具备明显手术指征或无法耐受手术的患者,仍需药物治疗,目前一线药物治疗包括α-受体阻滞剂、5α还原酶抑制剂等[2]。既往研究发现西药存在作用靶点单一的缺陷,同时对于高龄、有多系统共存疾病的良性前列腺增生症患者,口服坦索罗辛缓释胶囊会增加其发生低血压的风险[3-4]。中药夏荔芪胶囊具有多种药效成分各多靶点治疗优势,能够产生更为整体的治疗效果,一些中医药已被广泛应用于包括BPH在内的许多疾病的治疗,并取得了一定的疗效[5-7]。本研究旨在探讨中药夏荔芪胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗前列腺增生症患者的有效性及安全性。

  • 1 资料与方法

  • 1.1 一般资料

  • 选取2021年5月8日—2022年11月30日天津医科大学第二医院门诊收治的80例前列腺增生症患者,通过计算机产生随机数法分为试验组及对照组,每组40例,其中试验组及对照组各脱落2例,最终符合试验要求且可进行数据分析的共76例,平均年龄为64岁,所有入组病例均已患者签署知情同意,并报请本院伦理委员会批准通过。本研究已经在中国临床试验中心注册(ChiCTR21000504041)。

  • 1.2 诊断标准

  • 1)西医诊断标准:BPH诊断标准参照《中国泌尿外科和男科疾病诊断治疗指南》[8];2)中医辨证标准:脾肾气虚兼痰瘀证标准参考《良性前列腺增生症中医诊治专家共识》[9];3)中医症候评分参考《中药新药临床研究指导原则:试行》[10]

  • 1.3 纳入标准

  • 1)有尿频、排尿困难症状,经直肠指诊、B超、尿流率检查确诊的BPH患者;2)国际前列腺症状评分(I-PSS)≥13和/或生活质量评分(QOL)QOL≥3 分;3)前列腺体积>25 mL;4)最大尿流率<15 m/s;5)残余尿量<100 mL;6)年龄>50岁;7)受试者自愿参加并签署知情同意书;8)前列腺特异抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)<4 ng/mL或者PSA>4 ng/mL但排除前列腺癌患者;9)符合中医脾肾气虚兼痰瘀证辨证标准。

  • 1.4 排除标准

  • 1)伴随其他引起排尿障碍的疾病,如前列腺癌;2)患者或其授权人不愿意签署书面知情同意书或不愿遵从研究方案;3)前列腺增生所致上尿路积水、膀胱结石、反复血尿、尿路感染等;4)良性前列腺增生侵入性治疗失败者,有盆腔手术或损伤病史者;5)伴有严重糖尿病、高血压、心脑血管疾病者;6)存在重要器官功能障碍者,如肝、肾功能不全;7)精神病患者;8)过敏体质者。

  • 1.5 治疗方法

  • 1)对照组:口服坦索罗辛缓释胶囊(安斯泰来制药有限公司,国药准字H20000681,规格:0.2 mg/粒),每晚睡前1粒(0.2 mg)。2)试验组:在对照组基础上口服夏荔芪胶囊(石家庄以岭药业股份有限公司,国药准字Z20123085,规格:0.45 g/粒),3粒(1.35 g)/次,3次/d。两组患者均按各自用药方案治疗8周后。

  • 1.6 观察指标

  • 1)主要观察指标:(1)前列腺增生I-PSS评分;(2)中医脾肾气虚兼痰瘀证证候疗效评分;2)次要观察指标:(1)最大尿流率(Qmax);(2)前列腺体积;(3)残余尿量;(4)NIH-CPSI评分;(5)QOL评分。

  • 1.7 疗效判定

  • 中医证候疗效判定标准:临床控制:证候总分减少率>90%;显效:证候总分减少率70%~89%;有效:证候总分减少率30%~69%;无效:证候总分减少率<30%。总有效率=控制+显效+有效[10]

  • 1.8 不良反应

  • 治疗期间密切关注并记录两组患者不良反应发生情况,包括头晕、头痛、恶心及腹部不适。

  • 1.9 统计学方法

  • 数据采用SPSS 27.0软件进行处理。有效率和不良反应发生率以百分率(%)表示,采用X2检验进行比较;I-PSS评分、Qmax、残尿量、前列腺体积、QOL评分采用均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,两组间比较用独立样本t检验,治疗前后比较采用配对t检验。P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。

  • 2 结果

  • 2.1 两组患者临床资料比较

  • 两组患者的年龄、I-PSS、QOL、Qmax、PSA、前列腺体积、残余尿量、中医症候评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。

  • 表1 两组BPH患者临床基线比较

  • 2.2 两组I-PSS评分及中医证候评分比较

  • 治疗后,试验组I-PSS评分及中医证候评分明显小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。进一步对比两组治疗前后中医证候评分差值,试验组变化幅度明显大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。

  • 表2 两组BPH患者治疗前后I-PSS评分及中医证候评分比较

  • 注:a与本组治疗前比较,P<0.05;b 与同时点对照组比较,P<0.05

  • 2.3 次要指标

  • 治疗后,试验组Qmax大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组NIH-CPSI评分小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044),进一步比较治疗前后Qmax及NIH-CPSI评分变化幅度,试验组前后差值大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组前列腺体积、残余尿量、QOL均无统计学差异,见表3。

  • 表3 两组BPH治疗前后次要指标比较

  • 注:a与治疗前比较,P<0.05;b 与同时点对照组比较,P<0.05

  • 2.4 两组疗效比较

  • 治疗后,试验组的总有效率显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。

  • 表4 两组临床效果比较

  • 注:a与对照组比较,P<0.05

  • 2.5 不良反应

  • 两组均未出现不良反应。

  • 3 讨论

  • BPH是严重影响老年男性生活质量的常见疾病之一。研究发现,与1990年相比,2019年我国泌尿系统疾病对疾病导致伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLDs)中,BPH位居首位,其对患者带来的生理和心理影响及对社会带来的经济影响不容忽视[1]。我国中医古籍中并无前列腺增生对应的疾病名称,属“癃闭”范畴[9]。现代中医学结合前列腺解剖相关知识及其分泌前列腺液的生理功能,又称为“精癃”,肾虚血瘀水阻、膀胱气化失司是精癃之基本病机,本虚标实是其病机特点。依据其病机,治疗应以扶元补虚治其本,以化瘀通窍治其标[11]。结合目前我国老龄化的趋势,进一步探讨有效的药物治疗方案有着重要的意义。

  • 夏荔芪胶囊由黄芪、女贞子、滑石、夏枯草、荔枝核、琥珀、肉桂、关黄柏组成,其中黄芪有利水消肿之作用,女贞子、滑石、夏谷草有散结利水、补益肝肾之效,荔枝核、琥珀、肉桂、关黄具温阳活血散瘀之功,多味结合取其健脾益肾、利水散结治疗符合脾肾气虚兼痰瘀证的BPH[9]。夏荔芪胶囊具有多成分、多靶点的优势,现代医学通过建立BPH小鼠模型,发现其通过降低前列腺组织中增殖细胞核抗原的表达水平,增高前列腺组织中半胱氨酸蛋白酶3的表达,降低前列腺湿重及前列腺指数,从而达到治疗BPH的目的[3]

  • BPH虽为非致死性疾病,但其引起的LUTS严重影响患者的生理及心理健康[12]。目前IPSS及Qmax是反应LUTS症状改善的主要指标,在本研究中,试验组及对照组在治疗前后IPSS、Qmax均有所改善,这得益于两组均服用盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊,通过其α受体阻滞剂作用于前列腺和膀胱出口平滑肌上的α受体使其松弛,从而降低组织张力,缓解BPH患者排尿期症状[13-14],进一步对比发现,试验组治疗后IPSS、Qmax较对照组均有明显改善,且试验组治疗前后Qmax改善幅度明显好于对照组,体现了在口服盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊的基础上进一步发挥夏荔芪胶囊利水消肿的疗效优势,对于老龄化趋势严重下无法耐受手术或不具备手术指征的高龄患者改善LUTS症状有着重要的意义。

  • 中医证候评分是评价中医药缓解BPH患者LUTS有效性的重要工具[10],在包含排尿无力、滴沥不尽、夜尿增多的主要症状评分方面,本研究发现治疗后试验组中医证候评分小于对照组,且差异具有显著统计学意义,进一步分析两组治疗前后评分差值发现试验组前后差值大于对照组,同时试验组整体有效率大于对照组,且联合用药并没有增加不良反应,说明夏荔芪胶囊在盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊的基础上可以更大幅度的缓解符合脾肾气虚兼痰瘀证的BPH患者的LUTS。随着BPH病情进一步进展,BPH患者由前列腺增大到发展为前列腺梗阻,进一步导致膀胱出口梗阻,包含尿线细、尿不尽等的排尿期症状逐渐加重,进一步降低了患者的生活质量[15-17]。在次要指标比较方面,两组治疗后Qmax、残余尿量、NIH-CPSI评分、QOL均降低,但治疗后试验组与对照组在前列腺体积、残余尿量、QOL无统计学差异。两组治疗后前列腺体积差异无统计学意义,但有文献发现夏荔芪通过降低前列腺组织中增殖细胞核抗原的表达水平,增高前列腺组织中半胱氨酸蛋白酶3的表达,降低前列腺湿重及前列腺指数,从而实现缩小前列腺体积的作用[3]。目前5α-还原酶抑制剂作为缩小前列腺体积的主流药物,其实现疗效最大作用时间需要6~12个月[18-19],由于本试验观察时间较短,故没有发现两组患者治疗前后前列腺体积的明显变化,对于夏荔芪是否具有缩小前列腺体积的作用,需要更长时间的观察及更大的样本量来进行验证。

  • 目前BPH的病因及机制并未完全阐明,研究发现慢性前列腺炎的炎症程度与药物有效性呈现负相关[20]。本研究利用NHI-CPSI评价治疗后的效果,两组在治疗后NHI-CPSI总分均下降且试验组低于对照组,进一步比较两组总分下降幅度发现试验组幅度大于对照组,在NHI-CPSI的尿路症状评分中也得出了相同的结论,提示夏荔芪胶囊在盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊扩张尿道的基础上,发挥了其利水消肿、活血化瘀之作用,弥补了单一药物无抑制炎症的作用,进一步降低了BPH患者发生并发症的可能。

  • 综上所述,夏荔芪胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊治疗良性前列腺增生症患者,在改善BPH所致LUTS症状和慢性增生性前列腺炎方面,本研究结果已经证实了其方案的安全性和有效性。通过进一步临床推广与实践,夏荔芪胶囊联合盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊将成为BPH所致LUTS中西医结合初始治疗的优选方案。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Berry SJ,Coffey DS,Walsh PC,et al.The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age[J].J Urol,1984,132(3):474-479.

    • [2] 王东文,原小斌.良性前列腺增生药物治疗的昨天、今天、明天[J].现代泌尿外科杂志,2020,25(2):105-108.

    • [3] 蔡鸿财,宋乐彬,张国巍,等.夏荔芪胶囊对良性前列腺增生模型大鼠PCNA、caspase-3表达水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2017,23(8):728-733.

    • [4] 王冰洁,张歆,翟淑越,等.坦索罗辛临床用药安全性评价分析[J].中国合理用药探索,2022,19(7):74-81.

    • [5] Chung KS,Cheon SY,An HJ.Effects of resveratrol on benign prostatic hyperplasia by the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins[J].J Nat Prod,2015,78(4):689-694.

    • [6] Kim SK,Seok H,Park HJ,et al.Inhibitory effect of curcumin on testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model[J].BMC Complement Altern Med,2015,15:380.

    • [7] Said MM,Hassan NS,Schlicht MJ,et al.Flaxseed suppressed prostatic epithelial proliferation in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2015,78(7):453-465.

    • [8] 黄健.中国泌尿外科和男科疾病诊断治疗指南:2019版[M].北京科学出版社,2020:209-212.

    • [9] 张春和,李曰庆,裴晓华,等.良性前列腺增生症中医诊治专家共识[J].北京中医药,2016,35(11):1076-1080.

    • [10] 郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导原则:试行[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:168-172.

    • [11] 秦国政.中医男科学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:337.

    • [12] 宋丽青,刘少璇,张格.良性前列腺增生症患者心理健康状况及影响因素调查[J].中国康复理论与实践,2012,18(9):876-877.

    • [13] Herschorn S,Jones JS,Oelke M,et al.Efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine in men with overactive bladder:a pooled analysis of 2 phase III studies[J].Urology,2010,75(5):1149-1155.

    • [14] Miernik A,Gratzke C.Current treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Dtsch Arztebl Int,2020,117(49):843-854.

    • [15] Abrams P,Cardozo L,Fall M,et al.The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function:report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society[J].Neurourol Urodyn,2002,21(2):167-178.

    • [16] Foo KT.Solving the benign prostatic hyperplasia puzzle[J].Asian J Urol,2016,3(1):6-9.

    • [17] Kuo TLC,Teo JSM,Foo KT.The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion(IPP)in the evaluation and treatment of bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)[J].Neurourol Urodyn,2016,35(4):535-537.

    • [18] McConnell JD,Bruskewitz R,Walsh P,et al.The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group[J].N Engl J Med,1998,338(9):557-563.

    • [19] Nickel JC,Fradet Y,Boake RC,et al.Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia:results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial(the PROSPECT study).PROscar Safety Plus Efficacy Canadian Two year Study[J].CMAJ,1996,155(9):1251-1259.

    • [20] Kwon YK,Choe MS,Seo KW,et al.The effect of intraprostatic chronic inflammation on benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment[J].Korean J Urol,2010,51(4):266-270.

表1 两组BPH患者临床基线比较

表2 两组BPH患者治疗前后I-PSS评分及中医证候评分比较

表3 两组BPH治疗前后次要指标比较

表4 两组临床效果比较

图表 1/1

  • 参考文献

    • [1] Berry SJ,Coffey DS,Walsh PC,et al.The development of human benign prostatic hyperplasia with age[J].J Urol,1984,132(3):474-479.

    • [2] 王东文,原小斌.良性前列腺增生药物治疗的昨天、今天、明天[J].现代泌尿外科杂志,2020,25(2):105-108.

    • [3] 蔡鸿财,宋乐彬,张国巍,等.夏荔芪胶囊对良性前列腺增生模型大鼠PCNA、caspase-3表达水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2017,23(8):728-733.

    • [4] 王冰洁,张歆,翟淑越,等.坦索罗辛临床用药安全性评价分析[J].中国合理用药探索,2022,19(7):74-81.

    • [5] Chung KS,Cheon SY,An HJ.Effects of resveratrol on benign prostatic hyperplasia by the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic proteins[J].J Nat Prod,2015,78(4):689-694.

    • [6] Kim SK,Seok H,Park HJ,et al.Inhibitory effect of curcumin on testosterone induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rat model[J].BMC Complement Altern Med,2015,15:380.

    • [7] Said MM,Hassan NS,Schlicht MJ,et al.Flaxseed suppressed prostatic epithelial proliferation in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].J Toxicol Environ Health A,2015,78(7):453-465.

    • [8] 黄健.中国泌尿外科和男科疾病诊断治疗指南:2019版[M].北京科学出版社,2020:209-212.

    • [9] 张春和,李曰庆,裴晓华,等.良性前列腺增生症中医诊治专家共识[J].北京中医药,2016,35(11):1076-1080.

    • [10] 郑筱萸.中药新药临床研究指导原则:试行[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:168-172.

    • [11] 秦国政.中医男科学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2012:337.

    • [12] 宋丽青,刘少璇,张格.良性前列腺增生症患者心理健康状况及影响因素调查[J].中国康复理论与实践,2012,18(9):876-877.

    • [13] Herschorn S,Jones JS,Oelke M,et al.Efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine in men with overactive bladder:a pooled analysis of 2 phase III studies[J].Urology,2010,75(5):1149-1155.

    • [14] Miernik A,Gratzke C.Current treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Dtsch Arztebl Int,2020,117(49):843-854.

    • [15] Abrams P,Cardozo L,Fall M,et al.The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function:report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society[J].Neurourol Urodyn,2002,21(2):167-178.

    • [16] Foo KT.Solving the benign prostatic hyperplasia puzzle[J].Asian J Urol,2016,3(1):6-9.

    • [17] Kuo TLC,Teo JSM,Foo KT.The role of intravesical prostatic protrusion(IPP)in the evaluation and treatment of bladder outlet obstruction(BOO)[J].Neurourol Urodyn,2016,35(4):535-537.

    • [18] McConnell JD,Bruskewitz R,Walsh P,et al.The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group[J].N Engl J Med,1998,338(9):557-563.

    • [19] Nickel JC,Fradet Y,Boake RC,et al.Efficacy and safety of finasteride therapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia:results of a 2-year randomized controlled trial(the PROSPECT study).PROscar Safety Plus Efficacy Canadian Two year Study[J].CMAJ,1996,155(9):1251-1259.

    • [20] Kwon YK,Choe MS,Seo KW,et al.The effect of intraprostatic chronic inflammation on benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment[J].Korean J Urol,2010,51(4):266-270.

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